Solid-state image pickup element and solid-state image pickup device having a transfer electrode formed on the entire sidewall of a hole

ABSTRACT

A solid-state image pickup element comprises a first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer formed on a second-conductive type planar semiconductor layer, a hole portion formed in the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer to define a hole therein, and a first-conductive type high-concentration impurity region formed in a bottom wall of the hole portion. The solid-state image pickup element also includes a first-conductive type high-concentration impurity-doped element isolation region, a second-conductive type photoelectric conversion region, a transfer electrode formed on the sidewall of the hole portion through a gate dielectric film, a second-conductive type CCD channel region, and a read channel formed in a region of the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer sandwiched between the second-conductive type photoelectric conversion region and the second-conductive type CCD channel region.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/603,001, filed on Oct. 21, 2009, which claims the benefit of thefiling date of Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/207,713 filed on Feb.13, 2009 pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e), and which also claims priorityunder 35 U.S.C. §365(a) to PCT/JP2008/069321 filed on Oct. 24, 2008. Theentire contents of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/603,001, ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 61/207,713 and PCT/jp2008/069321 are herebyincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a solid-state image pickup element, asolid-state image pickup device and a production method therefor, andmore particularly to a CCD solid-state image pickup element, a CCDsolid-state image pickup device and a production method therefor

2. Background Art

In a conventional solid-state image pickup device (solid-state imagesensor) for use in a video camera and others, a plurality ofphotodetection elements are arranged in a matrix array, and a verticalcharge-coupled device (VCCD) is provided between adjacent columns of thephotodetection elements to read signal charges generated in anassociated one of the adjacent columns of photodetection elements.

A structure of the conventional solid-state image pickup device will bedescribed below (see, for example, the following Patent Document 1).FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a unit pixel of the conventionalsolid-state image pickup device. A photodiode (PD) in each unit pixel iscomprised of an n-type photoelectric conversion region 13 formed in ap-type well region 12 formed in an upper region of an n-typesemiconductor substrate 11, to serve as a charge storage layer, and ap+-type region 14 formed on the n-type photoelectric conversion region13.

An n-type CCD channel region 16 is also formed in the p-type well region12 in the form of an n-type impurity-doped region. A portion of thep-type well region 12 between the n-type CCD channel region 16 and thephotodiode from which signal charges are read out to the n-type CCDchannel region 16 is formed as a p-type impurity-doped region to providea read channel. Thus, signal charges generated in the photodiode aretemporarily stored in the n-type photoelectric conversion region 13, andthen read out to the n-type CCD channel region 16 via the read channel.

Further, a p+-type element isolation region 15 is provided between then-type CCD channel region 16 and another adjacent photodiode. Based onthe p+-type element isolation region 15, the n-type CCD channel region16 is electrically isolated from the adjacent photodiode, and the n-typeCCD channel region 16 are isolated from another adjacent n-type CCDchannel region.

A transfer electrode 18 is formed on a surface of the semiconductorsubstrate through a Si oxide film 17 to extend in a horizontal directionand pass through between the photodiode and the adjacent photodiode.Thus, in the solid-state image pickup device, when a read signal isapplied to a selected one of the transfer electrodes 18, the readchannel located just below the selected transfer electrode 18 iseffected to allow signal charges generated in the photodiode associatedwith the read channel to be read out to the corresponding n-type CCDchannel region 16 therethrough.

A metal shield film 20 is formed on the surface of the semiconductorsubstrate having the transfer electrodes 18. The metal shielding film 20has a plurality of metal-shield-film openings 24 each provided as alight transmission portion on a photodiode-by-photodiode basis totransmit therethrough light to be received by the p+-type region 14serving as a light-receiving section.

[Patent Document 1] JP 2000-101056A

As above, in the conventional solid-state image pickup element, thephotodiode (PD), the read channel, the n-type CCD channel region and thep+-type element isolation region are formed in one plane, and therebythere is a limit to an increase in ratio of a surface area of alight-receiving section (photodiode) to the overall surface area of onepixel. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide asolid-state image pickup element capable of reducing an area of a readchannel to increase a ratio of a surface area of a light-receivingsection (photodiode) to the overall surface area of one pixel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve the above object, according to a first object of thepresent invention, there is provided a solid-state image pickup elementwhich comprises: a second-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; afirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer formed on thesecond-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; a hole portion formedin the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer to define a holetherein; a first-conductive type high-concentration impurity regionformed in a bottom wall of the hole portion of the first-conductive typeplanar semiconductor layer; a first-conductive type high-concentrationimpurity-doped element isolation region formed in a part of a sidewallof the hole portion of the first-conductive type planar semiconductorlayer, and connected to the first-conductive type high-concentrationimpurity region; a second-conductive type photoelectric conversionregion formed in a portion of the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer located beneath the first-conductive typehigh-concentration impurity region and in a part of a lower region ofthe remaining part of the sidewall of the hole portion of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer, and adapted to undergoa change in charge amount upon receiving light; a transfer electrodeformed on the sidewall of the hole portion of the first-conductive typeplanar semiconductor layer through a gate dielectric film; asecond-conductive type CCD channel region formed in a top surface of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer and in a part of anupper region of the remaining part of the sidewall of the hole portionof the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; and a readchannel formed in a region of the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer sandwiched between the second-conductive typephotoelectric conversion region and the second-conductive type CCDchannel region.

According a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided asolid-state image pickup device which comprises a plurality of the abovesolid-state image pickup elements, wherein the solid-state image pickupelements are arranged in a matrix array.

Preferably, the solid-state image pickup device according to the secondaspect of the present invention includes: a plurality of thesecond-conductive type CCD channel regions made up of a plurality ofsecond-conductive type impurity regions each extending in a columndirection at least in a region between adjacent ones of a plurality ofcolumns of the hole portions formed in the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer; and a plurality of the first-conductive typehigh-concentration impurity-doped element isolation regions eacharranged to prevent contact between adjacent ones of thesecond-conductive type CCD channel regions.

Preferably, the above solid-state image pickup device includes aplurality of the transfer electrodes each formed to extend in a rowdirection in a region between adjacent ones of a plurality of rows ofthe hole portions formed in the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer, and arranged along and in spaced-apart relation tothe associated second-conductive type CCD channel region by a givendistance to transfer therethrough signal charges generated in theassociated solid-state image pickup element.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provideda solid-state image pickup device which comprises a plurality of elementline groups each consisting of a first solid-state image pickup elementline and a second solid-state image pickup element line, wherein thefirst solid-state image pickup element line consists of a plurality ofthe above solid-state image pickup elements which are arranged in afirst direction at intervals of a first distance, and the secondsolid-state image pickup element line consists of a plurality of theabove solid-state image pickup elements which are arranged in the firstdirection at intervals of the first distance and in displaced relationto the first solid-state image pickup element line in the firstdirection by a given distance, and wherein the first and secondsolid-state image pickup element lines in each of the element linegroups are arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the firstdirection at intervals of a second distance, and the element line groupsare arranged in the second direction at interval of the second distanceand in displaced relation to each other in the first direction.

Preferably, the solid-state image pickup device according to the thirdaspect of the present invention includes: a plurality of thesecond-conductive type CCD channel regions made up of a plurality ofsecond-conductive type impurity regions each extending in a columndirection at least in a region between adjacent ones of a plurality ofcolumns of the hole portions formed in the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer, while passing through the respective hole portionsin the adjacent columns; and a plurality of the first-conductive typehigh-concentration impurity-doped element isolation regions arranged toprevent contact between adjacent ones of the second-conductive type CCDchannel regions.

Preferably, the above solid-state image pickup device includes aplurality of the transfer electrodes each formed to extend in a rowdirection in a region between adjacent ones of a plurality of rows ofthe hole portions formed in the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer, while passing through the respective hole portionsin the adjacent rows, wherein the transfer electrodes are arranged inspaced-apart relation to each other by a given distance to allow signalcharges generated in each of the solid-state image pickup elements, tobe transferred along an associated one of the second-conductive type CCDchannel regions.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provideda method of producing a solid-state image pickup element, comprising thesteps of: forming a hole portion defining a hole therein, in afirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer formed on asecond-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; forming afirst-conductive type high-concentration impurity region in a bottomwall of the hole portion of the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer; forming a first-conductive type high-concentrationimpurity-doped element isolation region in a part of a sidewall of thehole portion of the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer;forming a second-conductive type photoelectric conversion region adaptedto undergo a change in charge amount upon receiving light, in a portionof the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer located beneaththe first-conductive type high-concentration impurity region and in apart of a lower region of the remaining part of the sidewall of the holeportion of the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; forminga transfer electrode on the sidewall of the hole portion of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer through a gatedielectric film; forming a second-conductive type CCD channel region inan top surface of the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layerand in a part of an upper region of the remaining part of the sidewallof the hole portion of the first-conductive type planar semiconductorlayer; and forming a read channel in a region of the first-conductivetype planar semiconductor layer sandwiched between the second-conductivetype photoelectric conversion region and the second-conductive type CCDchannel region.

Preferably, in the method of the present invention, the step of forminga hole portion includes forming a mask on the first-conductive typeplanar semiconductor layer formed on the second-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer, and etching the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer to form the hole portion therein.

Preferably, in the above method, the step of forming a second-conductivetype photoelectric conversion region includes the sub-steps of: forminga masking material on the sidewall of the hole portion of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; and forming thesecond-conductive type photoelectric conversion region by anion-implantation process.

Preferably, in the above method, the step of forming a first-conductivetype high-concentration impurity region is performed after the sub-stepof forming the second-conductive type photoelectric conversion region byan ion-implantation process.

Preferably, the above method further comprises the step of, after thesub-step of forming the second-conductive type photoelectric conversionregion by an ion-implantation process, removing a part of the maskingmaterial formed on the sidewall of the hole portion of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer, wherein each of thestep of forming a first-conductive type high-concentration impurityregion and the step of forming a first-conductive typehigh-concentration impurity-doped element isolation region is performedby an ion-implantation process after the step of removing a part of themasking material.

Preferably, in the method of the present invention, the step of forminga second-conductive type CCD channel region includes the sub-steps of:forming a masking material on the hole portion of the first-conductivetype planar semiconductor layer; and forming the second-conductive typeCCD channel region by an ion-implantation process.

Preferably, in the above method, the step of forming a first-conductivetype high-concentration impurity-doped element isolation region includesthe sub-steps of: forming a masking material in such a manner as toallow the first-conductive type high-concentration impurity-dopedelement isolation region to be formed in connected relation to thefirst-conductive type high-concentration impurity-doped elementisolation region (first-conductive type high-concentration impurityregion) by an ion-implantation process; and forming the first-conductivetype high-concentration impurity-doped element isolation region by theion-implantation process.

Preferably, in the method of the present invention, the step of forminga transfer electrode including the sub-steps of: forming the gatedielectric film on a surface of the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer; depositing a gate electrode material on the gatedielectric film; flattening the gate electrode material; and etching theflattened gate electrode material to form the transfer electrode.

In the conventional CCD solid-state image pickup element, the photodiode(PD), the read channel, the n-type CCD channel region and the p+-typeelement isolation region are formed in one plane, and thereby there is alimit to an increase in ratio of a surface area of a light-receivingsection (photodiode) to the overall surface area of one pixel, asmentioned above. In the present invention, a read channel can bearranged in a non-horizontal direction to provide a solid-state imagepickup element capable of drastically reducing an occupancy area of theread channel to increase a ratio of a surface area of a light-receivingsection (photodiode) to the overall surface area of one pixel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a unit pixel of a conventionalsolid-state image pickup element.

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a CCD solid-state image pickup elementaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a bird's-eye view of the CCD solid-state image pickup elementaccording to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line X₁-X′₁ in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line Y₁-Y′₁ in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of oneexample of a production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 6( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step in FIG.6( a), in the example of the production process for the CCD solid-stateimage pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 7( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 7( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step in FIG.7( a), in the example of the production process for the CCD solid-stateimage pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 8( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 8( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step in FIG.8( a), in the example of the production process for the CCD solid-stateimage pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 9( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 9( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step in FIG.9( a), in the example of the production process for the CCD solid-stateimage pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 10( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 10( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 10( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 11( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 11( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 11( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 12( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 12( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 12( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 13( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 13( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 13( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 14( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 14( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 14( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 15( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 15( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 15( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 16( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 16( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 16( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 17( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 17( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 17( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 18( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 18( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 18( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 19( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 19( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 19( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 20( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 20( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 20( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 21( a) is a sectional view (X₁-X′₁ section) showing a step of theexample of the production process for the CCD solid-state image pickupelement according to the embodiment.

FIG. 21( b) is a sectional view (Y₁-Y′₁ section) showing the step inFIG. 21( a), in the example of the production process for the CCDsolid-state image pickup element according to the embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a fragmentary top plan view of a solid-state image pickupdevice comprising a plurality of CCD solid-state image pickup elementsarranged in a honeycomb array, according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 23 is a fragmentary bird's-eye view of the solid-state image pickupdevice according to the embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a sectional view taken along the line X₂-X′₂ in FIG. 22.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view taken along the line Y₂-Y′₂ in FIG. 22.

FIG. 26 is a fragmentary top plan view of a solid-state image pickupdevice comprising a plurality of CCD solid-state image pickup elementsarranged in a matrix array, according to yet another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 27 is a fragmentary bird's-eye view of the solid-state image pickupdevice according to the embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken along the line X₃-X′₃ in FIG. 26.

FIG. 29 is a sectional view taken along the line Y₃-Y′₃ in FIG. 26.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention willnow be specifically described based on an embodiment thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

First Embodiment

FIGS. 2 and 3 are, respectively, a top plan view and a bird's-eye viewshowing a solid-state image pickup device comprising a plurality of CCDsolid-state image pickup elements according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention which are arranged in an one-row× two column array.FIGS. 4 and 5 are a sectional view taken along the line X₁-X₁′ in FIG. 2and a sectional view taken along the line Y₁-Y₁′ in FIG. 2,respectively.

In the solid-state image pickup device, a p-type well region 114 isformed in an upper region of an n-type substrate 115, and a silicon holeportion 203 is formed in the p-type well region 114 to define a holetherein. A p+-type region 104 is formed in a bottom wall of the siliconhole portion 203, and a p+-type element isolation region 101 is formedin a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion 203 in connectedrelation to the p+-type region 104. An n-type photoelectric conversionregion 110 is formed in a portion of the p-type well region 114 locatedbeneath the p+-type region 104 and in a part of a lower portion of thesidewall of the silicon hole portion 203, and two transfer electrodes106, 107 are formed on the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 203through a gate dielectric film 117. An n-type CCD channel region 103 isformed in a top surface of the p-type well region 114 and in a part ofan upper region of the remaining part of the sidewall of the siliconhole portion 203, and a read channel 112 is formed in a region of thep-type well region 114 sandwiched between the n-type photoelectricconversion region 110 and the n-type CCD channel region 103.

Further, a silicon hole portion 204 is formed in the p-type well region114 to define a hole therein. A p+-type region 105 is formed in a bottomwall of the silicon hole portion 204, and a p+-type element isolationregion 102 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion204 in connected relation to the p+-type region 105. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 111 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 114 located beneath the p+-type region 105 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 204, and thetransfer electrodes 106, 107 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 204 through the gate dielectric film 117. An n-typeCCD channel region 109 is formed in a top surface of the p-type wellregion 114 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining part of thesidewall of the silicon hole portion 204, and a read channel 113 isformed in a region of the p-type well region 114 sandwiched between then-type photoelectric conversion region 111 and the n-type CCD channelregion 109.

The p+-type element isolation region 101 is formed between the n-typeCCD channel regions 108, 103 to prevent contact therebetween. Thep+-type element isolation region 102 is also formed between the n-typeCCD channel regions 103, 108 to prevent contact therebetween.

A metal shield film 116 is formed above the transfer electrodes 106, 107and on the sidewalls of the silicon hole portions 203, 204, through adielectric film 119.

In the above solid-state image pickup device, when a read signal isapplied to the transfer electrode 106 (or 107), signal charges stored inthe n-type photoelectric conversion region 110 (or 111) serving as acharge storage layer are read out to the n-type CCD channel region 103(or 108) via the read channel 112 (or 113). The readout signal chargesare transferred in a vertical (Y₁-Y₁′) direction through the transferelectrode 106 (or 107).

Second Embodiment

FIGS. 26 and 27 are, respectively, a fragmentary top plan view and afragmentary bird's-eye view showing a solid-state image pickup deviceaccording to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein aplurality of CCD solid-state image pickup elements each havingfundamentally the same structure as that of the CCD solid-state imagepickup element according to the first embodiment are arranged in amatrix array. FIGS. 28 and 29 are a sectional view taken along the lineX₃-X₃′ in FIG. 26 and a sectional view taken along the line Y₃-Y₃′ inFIG. 26, respectively. The solid-state image pickup device according tothe second embodiment generally has a symmetrical arrangement. Thus, thefollowing description will be made primarily about only an areaillustrated in FIGS. 26 and 27.

As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, a solid-state image pickup element having ap+-type region 501 and a solid-state image pickup element having ap+-type region 502 are arranged on a semiconductor substrate in avertical (Y₃-Y₃′) direction (column direction) at given intervals(vertical pixel pitches VP) to form a first solid-state image pickupelement column. Further, a solid-state image pickup element having ap+-type region 503 and a solid-state image pickup element having ap+-type region 504 are arranged on the semiconductor substrate in thevertical direction at the same intervals (same vertical pixel pitchesVP) as those in the first solid-state image pickup element column, inadjacent relation to and at the same vertical (column-wise) positions ascorresponding ones of the solid-state image pickup elements in the firstsolid-state image pickup element column, to form a second solid-stateimage pickup element column. The first solid-state image pickup elementcolumn and the second solid-state image pickup element column arearranged in spaced-apart relation to each other in a row direction bythe same distance (horizontal pixel pitch HP) as the vertical pixelpitch VP. In this manner, the solid-state image pickup elements havingthe p+-type regions 501, 502, 503, 504 are arranged in a so-calledmatrix array.

An n-type CCD channel region 508 is provided between corresponding onesof two silicon hole portions 530, 532 in the first solid-state imagepickup element column and two silicon hole portions 531, 533 in thesecond solid-state image pickup element column arranged adjacent to thefirst solid-state image pickup element column, to read signal chargesgenerated in a photodiode having the p+-type region 501 and a photodiodehaving the p+-type region 502, and transfer the readout signal chargesin the vertical direction. In the same manner, two n-type CCD channelregions 507, 509 are provided to transfer signal charges generated inother photodiodes in the vertical direction.

Each of the n-type CCD channel regions is formed to extend between thesilicon hole portions arranged in a matrix array, in the verticaldirection. Two p+-type element isolation regions 505, 506 are providedto isolate adjacent ones of the n-type CCD channel regions from eachother without contact therebetween.

The p+-type element isolation region 505 is also formed in a part ofsidewalls of the silicon hole portions 530, 532 in connected relation tothe p+-type regions 501, 502 to apply a voltage to the p+-type regions501, 502.

The p+-type element isolation region 506 is also formed in a part ofsidewalls of the silicon hole portions 531, 533 in connected relation tothe p+-type regions 503, 504 to apply a voltage to the p+-type regions503, 504.

In the second embodiment, each of the p+-type element isolation regions505, 506 is provided along an axis of an associated one of the first andsecond solid-state image pickup element columns and a part of outerperipheries of associated ones of the silicon hole portions.Alternatively, as long as each of the p+-type element isolation regionsis provided to prevent contact between adjacent ones of the n-type CCDchannel regions, and formed as a part of the sidewalls of associatedones of the silicon hole portions in connected relation to associatedones of the p+-type regions, it may be arranged at any suitable positionother than that in FIG. 25, such as a position displaced from that inFIG. 25 in an X₃ direction.

Three transfer electrodes 512, 513, 514 are provided between each of thesilicon hole portions 530, 531 in a first solid-state image pickupelement row where the solid-state image pickup element having thep+-type region 501 and the solid-state image pickup element having thep+-type region 503 are arranged in a horizontal (X₂-X₂′) direction (rowdirection), and a corresponding one of the silicon hole portions 532,533 in a second solid-state image pickup element row where thesolid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 502 and thesolid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 504 arearranged in the horizontal direction, to transfer signal charges readout from associated ones of the photodiodes to the n-type CCD channelregions 507, 508, 509, in the vertical direction.

Further, four transfer electrodes 510, 511, 515, 516 are provided totransfer signal charges read out from other photodiodes to the n-typeCCD channel regions 507, 508, 509, in the vertical direction. When aread signal is selectively applied, for example, to the transferelectrode 514, signal charges stored in the photodiodes having thep+-type regions 502, 504 are read out to the n-type CCD channel regions508, 509 via respective associated read channels. Each of the transferelectrodes is formed to extend in the horizontal direction and betweenthe silicon hole portions arranged in the matrix array.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 501, ap-type well region 525 is formed in an upper region of an n-typesubstrate 526, and the silicon hole portion 530 is formed in the p-typewell region 525 to define a hole therein. The p+-type region 501 isformed in a bottom wall of the silicon hole portion 530, and the p+-typeelement isolation region 505 is formed in a part of the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 530 in connected relation to the p+-type region501. An n-type photoelectric conversion region 517 is formed in aportion of the p-type well region 523 located beneath the p+-type region501 and in a part of a lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon holeportion 530, and the transfer electrodes 511, 512 are formed on thesidewall of the silicon hole portion 530 through a gate dielectric film527. The n-type CCD channel region 508 is formed in a top surface of thep-type well region 525 and in a part of an upper region of the remainingpart of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 530, and the readchannel 521 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 525sandwiched between the n-type photoelectric conversion region 517 andthe n-type CCD channel region 508.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 502,the silicon hole portion 532 is formed in the p-type well region 525 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 502 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 532, and the p+-type element isolationregion 505 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion532 in connected relation to the p+-type region 502. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 518 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 525 located beneath the p+-type region 502 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 532, and thetransfer electrodes 514, 515 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 532 through the gate dielectric film 527. Then-type CCD channel region 508 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 525 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 532, and the read channel522 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 525 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 518 and the n-typeCCD channel region 508.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 503,the silicon hole portion 531 is formed in the p-type well region 525 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 503 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 531, and the p+-type element isolationregion 506 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion531 in connected relation to the p+-type region 503. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 519 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 525 located beneath the p+-type region 503 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 531, and thetransfer electrodes 511, 512 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 531 through the gate dielectric film 527. Then-type CCD channel region 509 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 525 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 531, and the read channel523 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 525 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 519 and the n-typeCCD channel region 509.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 504,the silicon hole portion 533 is formed in the p-type well region 525 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 504 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 533, and the p+-type element isolationregion 506 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion533 in connected relation to the p+-type region 504. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 520 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 525 located beneath the p+-type region 504 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 533, and thetransfer electrodes 514, 515 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 533 through the gate dielectric film 527. Then-type CCD channel region 509 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 525 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 533, and the read channel524 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 525 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 520 and the n-typeCCD channel region 509.

A metal shield film 529 is formed above the transfer electrodes 510,511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516 and on the sidewalls of the silicon holeportions 501, 502, 503, 504 through a dielectric film 528.

As above, each of the transfer electrode 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515,516 is formed to extend in the row direction in a region between thesilicon hole portions in adjacent ones of the solid-state image pickupelement rows, while passing through the respective silicon hole portionsin the adjacent solid-state image pickup element rows, wherein thetransfer electrode are arranged in spaced-apart relation to each otherby a given distance. Each of the transfer electrodes 511, 512, 514, 515located adjacent to associated ones of the silicon hole portions isformed on the sidewall of the associated silicon wall through the gatedielectric film. In cooperation with the n-type CCD channel regions, thetransfer electrode 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516 make up a verticalcharge transfer device (VCCD) for transferring signal charges generatedin the photodiodes in the vertical direction. The VCCD is configured asa three-phase driven type (φ1 to φ3) in which three transfer electrodesare provided in each of the photodiodes, and adapted to be driven inrespective different phases so as to transfer signal charges generatedin the photodiode, in the vertical direction. Although the VCCD in thesecond embodiment is a three-phase driven type, it is apparent to thoseskilled in the art that the VCCD may be configured to be driven in anyother suitable number of phases.

Third Embodiment

In the second embodiment, a solid-state image pickup device comprising aplurality of CCD image pickup elements arranged in a matrix array hasbeen shown and described. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 22, 23, 24and 25, the solid-state image pickup elements may be arranged in ahoneycomb array. In this connection, as a third embodiment of thepresent invention, a solid-state image pickup device will be describedin which a plurality of CCD image pickup elements each havingfundamentally the same structure as that of the CCD solid-state imagepickup element according to the first embodiment are arranged in ahoneycomb array. FIGS. 22 and 23 are, respectively, a fragmentary topplan view and a fragmentary bird's-eye view showing a solid-state imagepickup device comprising a plurality of CCD image pickup elementsarranged in a honeycomb array. FIGS. 24 and 25 are a sectional viewtaken along the line X₂-X₂′ in FIG. 22 and a sectional view taken alongthe line Y₂-Y₂′ in FIG. 22, respectively. The solid-state image pickupdevice according to the third embodiment generally has a symmetricalarrangement. Thus, the following description will be made primarilyabout only an area illustrated in FIGS. 22 and 23.

As shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, a solid-state image pickup element having ap+-type region 301 and a solid-state image pickup element having ap+-type region 302 are arranged on a semiconductor substrate in avertical (Y₂-Y₂′) direction (column direction) at given intervals(vertical pixel pitches VP) to form a first solid-state image pickupelement column

Further, a solid-state image pickup element having a p+-type region 303and a solid-state image pickup element having 304 are arranged on thesemiconductor substrate in the vertical direction at the same intervals(same vertical pixel pitches VP) as those in the first solid-state imagepickup element column, in spaced-apart relation to the first solid-stateimage pickup element column in a direction perpendicular to the verticaldirection (i.e., horizontal direction) by ½ of a horizontal pixel pitchHP equal to the vertical pixel pitch and in displaced relation to thefirst solid-state image pickup element column in the vertical directionby ½ of the vertical pixel pitch, to form a second solid-state imagepickup element column.

Further, a solid-state image pickup element having a p+-type region 305and a solid-state image pickup element having 306 are arranged on thesemiconductor substrate in the vertical direction at the same intervals(same vertical pixel pitches VP) as those in the first solid-state imagepickup element column, in spaced-apart relation to the secondsolid-state image pickup element column in the horizontal direction by ½of a horizontal pixel pitch HP equal to the vertical pixel pitch and indisplaced relation to the second solid-state image pickup element columnin the vertical direction by ½ of the vertical pixel pitch, to form athird solid-state image pickup element column.

In this manner, the solid-state image pickup elements having the p+-typeregions 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306 are arranged in a honeycomb array.

An n-type CCD channel region 331 is provided between corresponding onesof two silicon hole portions 339, 331 in the first solid-state imagepickup element column and two silicon hole portions 334, 333 in thesecond solid-state image pickup element column arranged adjacent to thefirst solid-state image pickup element column, to read signal chargesgenerated in a photodiode having the p+-type region 301 and a photodiodehaving the p+-type region 302, and transfer the readout signal chargesin the vertical direction.

In the same manner, an n-type CCD channel region 312 is provided betweencorresponding ones of two silicon hole portions 334, 333 in the secondsolid-state image pickup element column and two silicon hole portions305, 306 in the third solid-state image pickup element column to readsignal charges generated in a photodiodes having the p+-type region 303and a photodiodes having the p+-type region 304, and transfer thereadout signal charges in the vertical direction.

Further, an n-type CCD channel region 313 is provided to read signalcharges generated in a photodiode having the p+-type region 305 and aphotodiode having the p+-type region 306, and transfer the readoutsignal charges in the vertical direction.

An n-type CCD channel region 310 is provided to read signal chargesgenerated in other photodiodes and transfer the readout signal chargesin the vertical direction.

Each of the n-type CCD channel regions is formed to extend between thesilicon hole portions arranged in a honeycomb array, in the verticaldirection in a meandering pattern. Further, three p+-type elementisolation regions 307, 308, 309 are provided to isolate adjacent ones ofthe n-type CCD channel regions from each other without contacttherebetween.

The p+-type element isolation region 307 is also formed in a part ofsidewalls of the silicon hole portions 339, 331 in connected relation tothe p+-type regions 301, 302 to apply a voltage to the p+-type regions301, 302.

The p+-type element isolation region 308 is also formed in a part ofsidewalls of the silicon hole portions 334, 333 in connected relation tothe p+-type regions 303, 304 to apply a voltage to the p+-type regions303, 304.

The p+-type element isolation region 309 is also formed in a part ofsidewalls of the silicon hole portions 343, 332 in connected relation tothe p+-type regions 305, 306 to apply a voltage to the p+-type regions305, 305.

In the third embodiment, each of the p+-type element isolation regions307, 308, 309 is provided along an axis of an associated one of thefirst to third solid-state image pickup element columns and a part ofouter peripheries of associated ones of the silicon hole portions.Alternatively, as long as each of the p+-type element isolation regionsis provided to prevent contact between adjacent ones of the n-type CCDchannel regions, and formed as a part of the sidewalls of associatedones of the silicon hole portions in connected relation to associatedones of the p+-type regions, it may be arranged at any suitable positionother than that in FIG. 21, such as a position displaced from that inFIG. 21 in an X₂ direction.

Two transfer electrodes 314, 315 are provided between each of thesilicon hole portions 339, 343 in a first solid-state image pickupelement row where the solid-state image pickup element having thep+-type region 301 and the solid-state image pickup element having thep+-type region 303 are arranged in a horizontal (X₂-X₂′) direction (rowdirection), and the silicon hole portion 334 in a second solid-stateimage pickup element row where the solid-state image pickup elementhaving the p+-type region 303 and other solid-state image pickup elementhaving a p+-type regions (not shown) are arranged in the horizontaldirection.

Further, two transfer electrodes 316, 317 are provided between thesilicon hole portion 334 in the second solid-state image pickup elementrow, and each of the silicon hole portions 331, 332 in a thirdsolid-state image pickup element row where the solid-state image pickupelement having the p+-type region 302 and the solid-state image pickupelement having the p+-type region 306 are arranged in the horizontaldirection, and two transfer electrodes 318, 319 are provided betweeneach of the silicon hole portions 331, 332 in the third solid-stateimage pickup element row, and the silicon hole portion 333 in a fourthsolid-state image pickup element row where the solid-state image pickupelement having the p+-type region 304 and other solid-state image pickupelement having a p+-type regions (not shown) are arranged in thehorizontal direction. Each of the transfer electrodes is formed toextend in the horizontal direction and between the silicon hole portionsarranged in the honeycomb array, in a meandering pattern.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 301, ap-type well region 320 is formed in an upper region of an n-typesubstrate 321, and the silicon hole portion 339 is formed in the p-typewell region 320 to define a hole therein. The p+-type region 301 isformed in a bottom wall of the silicon hole portion 339, and the p+-typeelement isolation region 307 is formed in a part of the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 339 in connected relation to the p+-type region301. An n-type photoelectric conversion region 322 is formed in aportion of the p-type well region 320 located beneath the p+-type region301 and in a part of a lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon holeportion 339, and the transfer electrode 314 is formed on the sidewall ofthe silicon hole portion 339 through a gate dielectric film 328. Then-type CCD channel region 311 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 320 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 339, and the read channel304 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 320 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 322 and the n-typeCCD channel region 311.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 302,the silicon hole portion 331 is formed in the p-type well region 320 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 302 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 331, and the p+-type element isolationregion 307 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion331 in connected relation to the p+-type region 302. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 323 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 320 located beneath the p+-type region 302 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 331, and thetransfer electrodes 317, 318 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 331 through the gate dielectric film 328. Then-type CCD channel region 311 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 320 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 331, and the read channel335 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 320 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 323 and the n-typeCCD channel region 311.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 303,the silicon hole portion 334 is formed in the p-type well region 320 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 303 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 334, and the p+-type element isolationregion 308 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion334 in connected relation to the p+-type region 303. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 324 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 320 located beneath the p+-type region 303 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 334, and thetransfer electrodes 315, 316 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 334 through the gate dielectric film 328. Then-type CCD channel region 312 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 320 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 334, and the read channel338 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 320 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 324 and the n-typeCCD channel region 312.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 304,the silicon hole portion 333 is formed in the p-type well region 320 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 304 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 333, and the p+-type element isolationregion 308 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion333 in connected relation to the p+-type region 304. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 325 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 320 located beneath the p+-type region 304 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 333, and thetransfer electrode 319 is also formed on the sidewall of the siliconhole portion 333 through the gate dielectric film 328. The n-type CCDchannel region 312 is formed in a top surface of the p-type well region320 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining part of thesidewall of the silicon hole portion 333, and the read channel 337 isformed in a region of the p-type well region 320 sandwiched between then-type photoelectric conversion region 325 and the n-type CCD channelregion 312.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 305,the silicon hole portion 343 is formed in the p-type well region 320 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 305 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 343, and the p+-type element isolationregion 309 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion343 in connected relation to the p+-type region 305. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 326 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 320 located beneath the p+-type region 305 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 343, and thetransfer electrode 314 is also formed on the sidewall of the siliconhole portion 343 through the gate dielectric film 328. The n-type CCDchannel region 313 is formed in a top surface of the p-type well region320 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining part of thesidewall of the silicon hole portion 343, and the read channel 341 isformed in a region of the p-type well region 320 sandwiched between then-type photoelectric conversion region 326 and the n-type CCD channelregion 313.

In the solid-state image pickup element having the p+-type region 306,the silicon hole portion 332 is formed in the p-type well region 320 todefine a hole therein. The p+-type region 306 is formed in a bottom wallof the silicon hole portion 332, and the p+-type element isolationregion 309 is formed in a part of a sidewall of the silicon hole portion332 in connected relation to the p+-type region 306. An n-typephotoelectric conversion region 327 is formed in a portion of the p-typewell region 320 located beneath the p+-type region 306 and in a part ofa lower portion of the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 332, and thetransfer electrodes 317, 318 are also formed on the sidewall of thesilicon hole portion 332 through the gate dielectric film 328. Then-type CCD channel region 313 is formed in a top surface of the p-typewell region 320 and in a part of an upper region of the remaining partof the sidewall of the silicon hole portion 332, and the read channel336 is formed in a region of the p-type well region 320 sandwichedbetween the n-type photoelectric conversion region 327 and the n-typeCCD channel region 313.

A metal shield film 330 is formed above the transfer electrodes 314,315, 316, 317, 318, 319 and on the sidewalls of the silicon holeportions 339, 331, 334, 333, 332 through a dielectric film 329.

As above, each of the transfer electrode 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319 isformed to extend in the row direction in a region between the siliconhole portions in adjacent ones of the solid-state image pickup elementrows, while passing through the respective silicon hole portions in theadjacent solid-state image pickup element rows. Each of the transferelectrodes 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319 is formed on the sidewall of theassociated silicon wall through the gate dielectric film, and thetransfer electrodes 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319 are arranged in spacedapart relation to each other by a given distance. In cooperation withthe n-type CCD channel regions, the transfer electrode 314, 315, 316,317, 318, 319 make up a vertical charge transfer device (VCCD) fortransferring signal charges generated in the photodiodes in the verticaldirection. The VCCD is configured as a four-phase driven type (φ1 to φ4)in which four transfer electrodes are provided in each of thephotodiodes, and adapted to be driven in respective different phases soas to transfer signal charges generated in the photodiode, in thevertical direction. Although the VCCD in the third embodiment is afour-phase driven type, it is apparent to those skilled in the art thatthe VCCD may be configured to be driven in any other suitable number ofphases.

Although not illustrated, as with conventional CCD image sensors, acolor filter, a microlens and others are formed on the metal shield film330 through a protective film and a flattened film.

With reference to FIGS. 6( a) to 21(b), one example of a process ofproducing the solid-state image pickup element (the solid-state imagepickup device) according to the above embodiments will be describedbelow.

In FIGS. 6( a) to 21(b), each figure suffixed by (a) and each figuresuffixed by (b) corresponds to a cross-section taken along the lineX₁-X₁′ in FIG. 2 and a cross-section taken along the line Y₁-Y₁′ in FIG.2, respectively.

A p-type well region 114 is formed in an upper region of an n-typesilicon substrate 115, and an oxide film 201 is formed on the p-typewell region 114 (FIGS. 6( a) and 6(b)).

The oxide film is etched to form an oxide-film mask 202 (FIGS. 7( a) and7(b)).

The p-type well region 114 is etched to form a silicon hole portion(203, 204) (FIGS. 8( a) and 8(b)).

The resulting product is subjected to an oxidation treatment to form anoxide film (205, 206) thereon in order to prevent the occurrence of ionchanneling during an ion-implantation process. Then, polysilicon isdeposited thereon, and etched to form a sidewall-shaped polysilicon film(207, 208) as a mask for use in the ion-implantation process (FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b)).

Phosphorus (P) or arsenic (As) is implanted, and the resulting productis subjected to annealing to form an n-type photoelectric conversionregion (110, 111) (FIGS. 10( a) and 10(b)).

A resist (209, 210) is formed, and then a portion of the polysiliconfilm corresponding to a p+-type element isolation region to be formed ina sidewall of the silicon hole portion is etched (FIGS. 11( a) and11(b)).

The resist is removed, and then boron is implanted to form a p+-typeregion (104, 105) (FIGS. 12( a) and 12(b)).

The remaining polysilicon film and the oxide film are removed (FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b)).

An oxide film is deposited, and, after being flattened, etched to form amask for use in an ion-plantation process (FIGS. 14( a) and 14(b)).

An oxide film 213 is deposited to prevent the occurrence of ionchanneling during the ion-implantation process (FIGS. 15( a) and 15(b)).

Phosphorus (P) or arsenic (As) is implanted to form an n-type CCDchannel region (103, 108, 109) (FIGS. 16( a) and 16(b)).

A resist (214, 215, 216) is formed, and then boron is implanted to forma p+-type element isolation region (101, 102) (FIGS. 17( a) and 17(b)).

The resist and the oxide film are removed (FIGS. 18( a) and 18(b)).

A gate dielectric film 117 is formed, and then polysilicon is depositedand flattened (FIGS. 19( a) and 19(b)).

The polysilicon is etched to form a transfer electrode (106, 107) (FIGS.20( a) and 20(b)).

A dielectric film 119 and a metal shield film 116 are deposited, andthen the metal shield film 116 is etched (FIGS. 21( a) and 21(b)).

In the above example, the transfer electrode may be made of an electrodematerial commonly used in semiconductor processes or solid-statedevices. For example, the electrode material includes low-resistancepolysilicon, tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten silicide (WSi),molybdenum silicide (MoSi), titanium silicide (TiSi), tantalum silicide(TaSi) and copper silicide (CuSi). The transfer electrode may be formedin a multilayer structure using such a material without interposing adielectric film therebetween.

For example, the metal shield film may be formed as a metal film made ofone selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr),tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), an alloy layer made of acombination of two or more thereof, or a multilayer metal film formed ofa combination of two or more selected from the group consisting of oneor more types of the metal films and one or more types of the alloylayers.

Although the present invention has been described in term of specificexemplary embodiments, it is apparent to those skilled in the art thatvarious changes and modifications may be made therein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A solid-state image pickup element comprising: afirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; a second-conductivetype planar semiconductor layer on which the first-conductive typeplanar semiconductor layer is formed; a hole formed in thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; a first-conductivetype high-concentration impurity region formed in a bottom wall of thehole of the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; afirst-conductive type high-concentration impurity-doped elementisolation region formed in a sidewall of the hole of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer, and connected to thefirst-conductive type high-concentration impurity region; asecond-conductive type photoelectric conversion region formed in thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer located beneath thefirst-conductive type high-concentration impurity region and in a lowerregion of the sidewall of the hole of the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer, and adapted to change a charge amount uponreceiving light, wherein the second-conductive type photoelectricconversion region has an impurity concentration less than 1×10¹⁸ cm⁻³; atransfer electrode formed on the entire sidewall of the hole of thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer through a gatedielectric film, wherein the transfer electrode is formed on thesidewall where the first-conductive type high-concentrationimpurity-doped element isolation region is formed; a second-conductivetype CCD channel region formed in a top surface of the first-conductivetype planar semiconductor layer and in an upper region of the sidewallof the hole of the first-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; anda read channel formed in a region of the first-conductive type planarsemiconductor layer sandwiched between the second-conductive typephotoelectric conversion region and the second-conductive type CCDchannel region.
 2. A solid-state image pickup device comprising aplurality of the solid-state image pickup elements as defined in claim1, wherein the solid-state image pickup elements are arranged in amatrix array.
 3. The solid-state image pickup device as defined in claim2, which comprises: a plurality of the second-conductive type CCDchannel regions made of a plurality of second-conductive type impurityregions each extending in a column direction into at least a regionlocated between adjacent columns of the holes formed in thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer; and a plurality of thefirst-conductive type high-concentration impurity-doped elementisolation regions each arranged to prevent contact between adjacentsecond-conductive type CCD channel regions.
 4. The solid-state imagepickup device as defined in claim 3, comprising a plurality of thetransfer electrodes each formed to extend in a row direction into aregion located between adjacent rows of the holes formed in thefirst-conductive type planar semiconductor layer, and each arrangedalong an associated second-conductive type CCD channel region so as tohave a given space distance therebetween to transfer therethrough signalcharges generated in an associated solid-state image pickup element.